GHB

www.druginfo.adf.org.au

GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate) is a depressant drug.

Onset & Duration

Onset

  • Within 1 to 6 hrs after last dose. 

Duration

  • 2 weeks or more.
Clinical Features
  • Anxiety, depression and insomnia
  • Intermittent Tachycardia 
  • Tremor
  • Risk of seizures
  • Confusion, psychosis and delirium
  • Excessive Sweating 
  • Auditory, tactile, and visual hallucinations 
  • Hypertension 
  • Nausea and Vomiting 
  • Diaphoresis
Care & Treatment
Pronounced agitation or insomnia
  • Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Temazepam tablets* (*Risk/benefit analysis required due to propensity for misuse and exacerbation of depressive symptoms)
  • Barbiturates* (*in combination with benzodiazepines have been used successfully to lower benzodiazepine requirements and improve withdrawal symptoms)
  • Reduce coffee, tea, cola and energy drinks during the day and have none after 2 pm
  • Eat 3 meals a day and avoid heavy, spicy meals late at night
  • Avoid napping during the day and keep to regular bed and wake times
  • Exercise regularly (in the day, not after 6 pm)
  • Use relaxation techniques
  • Avoid doing things (i.e. tough phone calls) that might upset you before going to sleep
  • Have a bath in the evening

Nausea and Vomiting

  • Eat small meals and snacks often
  • Drink plenty of water
  • If vomiting, stop eating solid food and try small sips of liquid, or sucking an ice cube. Try a small amount of food once you have kept fluids down for a few hours
  • Rehydration/sports/isotonic drinks such as ‘Powerade'
  • Avoid citrus and caffeine on an empty stomach
 
Anxiety
  • Use relaxation tapes
  • Reduce caffeine intake
  • Have a bath
  • Do some gentle exercise

Sweating

  • Have regular showers or baths
  • Paracetamol - take as directed on the packet

Tremors and Convulsions

  • Beta-blockers
  • Anticonvulsants